:root{
    --ink:#16232B; --ink-soft:#33454F; --muted:#66787F;
    --paper:#F3F5F3; --paper-2:#FBFCFB; --card:#FFFFFF;
    --line:#DDE3E0; --line-strong:#C6D0CC;
    --signal:#0E8A90; --signal-deep:#0A666B; --signal-wash:#E4F1F1;
    --tint:#EEF1F0;
    --display:"Space Grotesk",system-ui,sans-serif;
    --body:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;
    --mono:"IBM Plex Mono",ui-monospace,monospace;
    --maxw:1120px;
  }
  *{box-sizing:border-box;}
  html{scroll-behavior:smooth;}
  body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--body);font-size:18px;line-height:1.62;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;}
  a{color:inherit;}
  ::selection{background:var(--signal);color:#fff;}
  .wrap{max-width:var(--maxw);margin:0 auto;padding:0 32px;}

  .eyebrow{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;}
  .eyebrow::before{content:"";width:26px;height:1px;background:var(--signal);}

  h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;line-height:1.06;letter-spacing:-0.01em;margin:0;}

  /* NAV */
  nav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:rgba(243,245,243,.82);backdrop-filter:saturate(140%) blur(10px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);}
  .nav-inner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;height:64px;}
  .brand{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:-.01em;text-decoration:none;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;}
  .brand .dot{width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--signal);flex:none;}
  .nav-links{display:flex;gap:24px;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
  .nav-links a{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink-soft);padding:4px 0;position:relative;transition:color .2s;}
  .nav-links a::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;bottom:-2px;width:0;height:1.5px;background:var(--signal);transition:width .25s;}
  .nav-links a:hover{color:var(--ink);}
  .nav-links a:hover::after{width:100%;}
  .nav-toggle{display:none;}

  /* HERO */
  header.hero{padding:74px 0 42px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;}
  .hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.35fr .9fr;gap:56px;align-items:center;}
  .hero-id{margin-bottom:22px;}
  .hero-name{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(25px,3.4vw,36px);letter-spacing:-.01em;line-height:1.04;color:var(--ink);padding-left:15px;border-left:3px solid var(--signal);}
  .hero-role{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:12px;padding-left:15px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;flex-direction:column;}
  .hero-role .aff{color:var(--signal-deep);}
  .hero h1{font-size:clamp(34px,5vw,58px);margin:0;}
  .hero h1 .accent{color:var(--signal);}
  .lede{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px);color:var(--ink-soft);margin:24px 0 0;max-width:46ch;}
  .hero-cta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;margin-top:32px;}
  .btn{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;padding:13px 22px;border-radius:2px;transition:.2s;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;}
  .btn-solid{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);}
  .btn-solid:hover{background:var(--signal-deep);}
  .btn-ghost{border:1px solid var(--line-strong);color:var(--ink);}
  .btn-ghost:hover{border-color:var(--signal);color:var(--signal-deep);}
  .portrait-wrap{position:relative;}
  .portrait{width:100%;max-width:340px;display:block;margin-left:auto;border-radius:3px;filter:grayscale(.12) contrast(1.02);box-shadow:0 1px 0 var(--line-strong);}
  .portrait-frame{position:relative;}
  .portrait-frame::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:14px;top:14px;right:-14px;bottom:-14px;border:1px solid var(--signal);border-radius:3px;z-index:-1;opacity:.5;}
  .portrait-tag{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-top:22px;text-align:right;line-height:1.7;}
  .portrait-tag b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;}

  /* MULTIMODAL SIGNATURE PANEL */
  .signal-panel{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1px;background:var(--line);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;margin-top:44px;}
  .signal-cell{background:var(--paper-2);padding:13px 16px 12px;}
  .signal-cell .cap{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;}
  .signal-cell .cap b{color:var(--signal-deep);font-weight:500;}
  .signal-cell svg{width:100%;height:40px;display:block;margin-top:9px;overflow:visible;}
  .trace{fill:none;stroke:var(--signal);stroke-width:1.6;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;}
  .sbar{fill:var(--signal);opacity:.8;transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:center;}
  .sdot{fill:var(--signal);}
  @keyframes draw{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}
  @keyframes pulse{0%,100%{transform:scaleY(.5);}50%{transform:scaleY(1);}}

  /* SECTION SCAFFOLD */
  section{padding:82px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);}
  .sec-head{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;margin-bottom:42px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
  .sec-head h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,40px);max-width:22ch;}
  .sec-index{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase;}

  /* THESIS */
  .thesis{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-top:none;}
  .thesis .eyebrow{color:#7FD4D6;}
  .thesis .eyebrow::before{background:#7FD4D6;}
  .thesis blockquote{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(24px,3.6vw,40px);line-height:1.16;letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:20px 0 0;max-width:17ch;}
  .thesis blockquote .hl{color:#5FC7CB;}
  .thesis p{color:#B9C6C9;max-width:60ch;margin:26px 0 0;font-size:18px;}
  .thesis .wrap{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:48px;align-items:end;}

  /* RESEARCH DOMAINS */
  .prog-lead{max-width:70ch;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:19px;margin-bottom:50px;}
  .prog-lead strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;}
  .domains{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;}
  .domain{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;padding:28px 26px 30px;position:relative;transition:.25s;overflow:hidden;}
  .domain::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:0;height:3px;width:100%;background:var(--signal);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:transform .3s;}
  .domain:hover{border-color:var(--line-strong);box-shadow:0 12px 30px -18px rgba(22,35,43,.4);transform:translateY(-3px);}
  .domain:hover::before{transform:scaleX(1);}
  .domain .dnum{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;color:var(--signal-deep);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;}
  .domain h3{font-size:19px;margin:14px 0 12px;line-height:1.2;}
  .domain p{margin:0;font-size:16px;color:var(--ink-soft);line-height:1.55;}
  .tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin-top:18px;}
  .tag{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--signal-deep);background:var(--signal-wash);border-radius:2px;padding:4px 8px;}
  .arc{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:38px 0 0;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.04em;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase;}
  .arc span{color:var(--ink);}
  .arc em{color:var(--signal-deep);font-style:normal;}
  .emphasis{margin-top:26px;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--signal);border-radius:4px;padding:28px 32px;}
  .emphasis .flabel{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;}
  .emphasis .flabel::before{content:"";width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--signal);flex:none;}
  .emphasis p{margin:13px 0 0;font-size:16.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);line-height:1.58;max-width:82ch;}

  /* METHODS */
  .methods{background:var(--paper-2);}
  .conv{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--card);}
  .conv > div{padding:30px 28px;border-right:1px solid var(--line);}
  .conv > div:last-child{border-right:none;}
  .conv .role{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);}
  .conv h3{font-size:18px;margin:12px 0 10px;}
  .conv p{margin:0;font-size:15.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);line-height:1.55;}
  .toolkit{margin-top:26px;}
  .toolkit .tklabel{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:14px;}
  .chip-row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px;}
  .chip{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;color:var(--ink);background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:2px;padding:8px 13px;}
  .chip.soft{color:var(--muted);border-style:dashed;}
  .methods-note{margin-top:24px;font-size:16.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);max-width:66ch;}
  .methods-note strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;}

  /* PUBLICATIONS */
  .pub-intro{max-width:66ch;color:var(--ink-soft);margin-bottom:26px;}
  .pub-filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:30px;}
  .pfilter{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:8px 13px;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);background:transparent;border-radius:2px;color:var(--ink-soft);cursor:pointer;transition:.18s;}
  .pfilter:hover{border-color:var(--signal);color:var(--signal-deep);}
  .pfilter.active{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--ink);}
  .pub{display:grid;grid-template-columns:158px 1fr;gap:24px;padding:22px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);align-items:start;}
  .pub[hidden]{display:none;}
  .pub .meta{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.02em;padding-top:3px;}
  .pub .venue{color:var(--signal-deep);display:block;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:3px;}
  .ptype{display:inline-block;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:2px;margin-top:8px;}
  .ptype.article{background:var(--signal-wash);color:var(--signal-deep);}
  .ptype.preprint{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);color:var(--muted);}
  .ptype.abstract{background:var(--tint);color:var(--muted);}
  .pub .title{font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.4;margin:0 0 5px;font-weight:600;}
  .pub .authors{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0;line-height:1.5;}
  .pub .authors .self{color:var(--ink);border-bottom:1.5px solid var(--signal);}
  .pub .badge{display:inline-block;margin-top:8px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);background:var(--signal-wash);padding:3px 9px;border-radius:2px;}
  .biblink{margin-top:34px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13px;}
  .biblink a{color:var(--signal-deep);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-strong);padding-bottom:2px;}
  .biblink a:hover{border-color:var(--signal);}

  /* FUNDING */
  .funding{background:var(--paper-2);}
  .grid-fund{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;}
  .fund{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--signal);border-radius:4px;padding:24px 26px;}
  .fund .status{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);}
  .fund h3{font-size:17px;margin:10px 0 8px;line-height:1.28;}
  .fund p{margin:0;font-size:15px;color:var(--ink-soft);line-height:1.5;}
  .fund .yr{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);float:right;}
  .honors{margin-top:26px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:22px;}
  .honors .row{display:flex;gap:20px;padding:9px 0;font-size:16px;align-items:baseline;}
  .honors .row .y{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;color:var(--signal-deep);min-width:96px;flex:none;letter-spacing:.03em;}

  /* TEACHING */
  .teach-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:44px;align-items:start;}
  .teach-grid p{margin:0 0 16px;color:var(--ink-soft);}
  .track{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;padding:24px 26px;margin-bottom:16px;}
  .track .role{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);}
  .track h3{font-size:17px;margin:8px 0 8px;}
  .track p{margin:0;font-size:15.5px;}

  /* ABOUT / TIMELINE */
  .about{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);}
  .about .eyebrow{color:#7FD4D6;}
  .about .eyebrow::before{background:#7FD4D6;}
  .about .sec-head h2{color:var(--paper);}
  .about .sec-index{color:#7C9298;}
  .about-lead{max-width:64ch;color:#C4D0D3;font-size:18.5px;margin-bottom:48px;}
  .timeline{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,1fr);gap:0;}
  .tl{padding:24px 22px 24px 0;border-top:2px solid var(--signal);margin-right:18px;}
  .tl .yr{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--signal-deep);letter-spacing:.06em;}
  .tl h3{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--ink);margin:12px 0 6px;line-height:1.2;}
  .tl .inst{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--body);}
  .tl p{font-size:14px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:11px 0 0;line-height:1.5;}

  /* CONTACT */
  .contact .wrap{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:48px;align-items:center;}
  .contact h2{font-size:clamp(28px,4vw,44px);}
  .contact .sub{color:var(--ink-soft);margin:18px 0 28px;max-width:42ch;}
  .clinks{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
  .clinks li{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:15px 0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;}
  .clinks li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);}
  .clinks .k{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);flex:none;}
  .clinks .v{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13.5px;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;text-align:right;}
  .clinks .v:hover{color:var(--signal-deep);}
  .placeholder{color:var(--signal-deep);}

  footer.foot{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:32px 0;}
  .foot-inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;}
  .foot-inner span{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11.5px;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.04em;}

  .reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(18px);transition:opacity .7s ease,transform .7s ease;}
  .reveal.in{opacity:1;transform:none;}

  /* RESPONSIVE */
  @media(max-width:960px){
    .timeline{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));}
  }
  @media(max-width:900px){
    .hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:40px;}
    .portrait{max-width:260px;margin:0 auto;}
    .portrait-frame::before{display:none;}
    .portrait-tag{text-align:center;}
    .signal-panel{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);}
    .thesis .wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px;}
    .domains{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
    .conv{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
    .conv > div{border-right:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);}
    .conv > div:last-child{border-bottom:none;}
    .grid-fund{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
    .teach-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px;}
    .timeline{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
    .tl{margin-right:0;}
    .contact .wrap{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px;}
    .nav-links{display:none;}
    .nav-links.open{display:flex;position:absolute;top:64px;left:0;right:0;flex-direction:column;background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:18px 32px;gap:16px;}
    .nav-toggle{display:inline-flex;background:none;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:2px;padding:8px 12px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;}
  }
  @media(max-width:560px){
    body{font-size:17px;}
    .wrap{padding:0 22px;}
    section{padding:60px 0;}
    .pub{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px;}
    .pub .meta{padding-top:0;}
  }
  @media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
    *{animation:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important;}
    .reveal{opacity:1;transform:none;transition:none;}
    .trace{stroke-dashoffset:0!important;}
  }

/* ===== MULTIPAGE ADDITIONS ===== */
/* Active nav indicator (subtle but clear) */
.nav-links a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--ink);}
.nav-links a[aria-current="page"]::after{width:100%;}

/* Generic page-intro lead used on interior pages */
.page-lead{max-width:70ch;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:19px;margin:0 0 8px;}

/* Home navigation cards */
.navcards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:6px;}
.navcard{display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;padding:26px 24px 24px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:.25s;}
.navcard::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:0;height:3px;width:100%;background:var(--signal);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:transform .3s;}
.navcard:hover{border-color:var(--line-strong);box-shadow:0 12px 30px -18px rgba(22,35,43,.4);transform:translateY(-3px);}
.navcard:hover::before{transform:scaleX(1);}
.navcard .nc-eyebrow{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);}
.navcard h3{font-size:19px;margin:12px 0 10px;line-height:1.2;}
.navcard p{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:15.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);line-height:1.55;}
.navcard .nc-go{margin-top:auto;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);}

/* About-style definition rows (education / appointments) */
.deflist{border-top:1px solid var(--line);}
.deflist .row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;gap:20px;padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);align-items:baseline;}
.deflist .row .y{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;color:var(--signal-deep);letter-spacing:.03em;}
.deflist .row .d{color:var(--ink-soft);}
.deflist .row .d b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;}

/* Sub-section heading used inside interior pages */
.subhead{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-size:22px;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:0 0 18px;color:var(--ink);}
.block{margin-top:56px;}
.block:first-of-type{margin-top:0;}

@media(max-width:900px){
  .navcards{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}
  .deflist .row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px;}
}
@media(max-width:560px){
  .navcards{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
}

/* Interior page hero (non-home pages) */
header.page-hero{padding:66px 0 30px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);}
.page-title{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:600;font-size:clamp(38px,5.4vw,62px);letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.03;margin:8px 0 20px;color:var(--ink);}
header.page-hero .page-lead{margin-top:4px;}

/* ===== V2 ADDITIONS: appointments, news ===== */
/* PI / secondary notes under appointments */
.appointment-note{
  display:block;
  margin-top:0.25rem;
  font-size:0.82em;
  color:var(--muted);
  line-height:1.4;
}
/* Sub-group heading inside a block (e.g. "Current appointments") */
.minihead{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);margin:30px 0 8px;}
.minihead:first-of-type{margin-top:8px;}
.deflist .row .d a{color:var(--signal-deep);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-strong);}
.deflist .row .d a:hover{color:var(--ink);}

/* News list (shared by news.html and homepage preview) */
.news-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);}
.news-item{padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);}
.news-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin-bottom:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.news-date{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--muted);}
.news-cat{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:2px;padding:3px 9px;}
.news-head{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 6px;color:var(--ink);}
.news-desc{margin:0;color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;max-width:72ch;}
.news-link{margin:12px 0 0;}
.news-link a{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--signal-deep);text-decoration:none;}
.news-link a:hover{color:var(--ink);}
.news-empty{color:var(--muted);padding:24px 0;}
.news-viewall{margin-top:26px;}
.news-viewall a{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--signal-deep);text-decoration:none;}
.news-viewall a:hover{color:var(--ink);}